LPL and hypertriglyceridemia: In order to explain the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL, two main hypotheses have been put forward, namely: (i) the reduced activity of lipoprotein lipase may hamper the maturation of HDL particles, and (ii) the increased activity of the protein that promotes the transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins may reduce the levels of HDL particles [51].