In summary, because breast cancer incidence in LFS cohorts is very high [53], comparing abnormal pathways in LFS with those abnormal pathways in other inherited deficiencies, such as BRCA1/2 or Cowden syndrome which also predispose individuals to breast cancer, in addition to examining sporadic breast cancer, might further our understanding of treatment for breast cancer. The gene discussed is BRCA1; the disease is breast carcinoma.