Population based genetic studies have indicated a role for DNA repair proteins like ERCC1 [38] as well as the MYC, TP63, and PSCA loci (reviewed in [39]) in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer but unfortunately, there are no suitable in vitro models of urothelium that have proper regulatory control of cell cycle checkpoints and apoptosis as well as an intact DNA damage response. Here, ERCC1 is linked to urinary bladder carcinoma.