AKT1 and neoplasm: Immunohistochemistry of the tumor samples revealed decreased expression of NF-κB in the liposomal curcumin-treated tumors relative to both the liposomal control and untreated groups, while the staining intensity of pAKT did not show a significant difference among the three treatment groups, further supporting the in vitro findings that curcumin's growth suppressive effects are related to the suppression of NF-κB in an AKT-independent manner [53].