Blocking the activity of IL-1α with intradermal injections of a neutralizing antibody or by transgenic overexpression of IL-1RII (via K14 promoter) inhibits TPA-induced vascular permeability, inflammatory cell infiltration and epidermal hyperplasia, which demonstrates the central role of IL-1α in mediating these tumor promoter-related events [178,179]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and neoplasm.