This biphasic model fits with previous findings: 1) that activation of β-catenin signalling is sufficient to induce nephrogenesis in isolated MM; 2) that isolated MM in which β-catenin is activated and Wnt4−/− kidneys cannot progress beyond the comma-shaped body stage, and stabilisation of β-catenin seems to be inhibitory on MET in wild type kidneys at this stage. This evidence concerns the gene WNT4 and Miyoshi myopathy.