LEP and metabolic syndrome: Given all data presented above, it could be suggested that two therapeutic strategies may be proposed to target leptin signaling in hypertension: (1) improving beneficial natriuretic effect of this hormone, i.e. reducing renal leptin resistance, (2) reducing chronically elevated leptin in patients with the metabolic syndrome or interrupting leptin signaling involved in the enhancement of Na+ reabsorption to reduce detrimental effect of chronic hyperleptinemia.