HSP90B2P and infection: Amazingly, up-regulation of HSP genes was not observed at 1 month after primary infection [21], perhaps because this time point corresponds, in fact, to events more precocious in primary than secondary infection and/or because the pathogen- or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs and DAMPs) that induce HSP gene activation are different in primary infection (through E. multilocularis oncospheres) and in secondary infection (through E. multilocularis metacestode).