TGFB1 and lung carcinoma: In these experiments, TGF-β and EGF co-stimulation induced EMT in human A549 lung carcinoma cells, a well-established model of TGF-β-induced EMT, and, to a lesser extent, in phenotypically normal human bronchial epithelial (16HBE14o-) cells, a phenomenon which has been previously shown in similar studies [19].