Interestingly, none of these loci identified as significant in determining breast cancer risk in GWASs have been identified as significant in previous association studies based on a candidate gene approach, and very few of the genes involved in the most plausible mechanisms of breast tumorigenesis, including those involved in DNA repair and sex hormone synthesis and metabolism pathways, have been reported as important in GWASs. The gene discussed is PLXNA3; the disease is breast carcinoma.