While RWPE-1 non-tumorigenic prostate cells were protected against RSV infection by activation of JAK-STAT and NF-κB signaling, a lack of sustained NF-κB activation was associated with the susceptibility of PC-3 androgen-independent prostate cancer cells to RSV-induced oncolysis, although IFN-mediated signaling was functional in these cells. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is prostate cancer.