NFKBIA and colitis: Recent evidence revealed that butyrate decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine expression via inhibition of NF-κB activation and IκBα degradation [14,18,42] while it has also been demonstrated that NF-κB induction of inflammatory gene expression is associated with histone acetylation [28,34] and indeed with p65 acetylation [43].With the importance of H4 acetylation having been studied and described in other disease models, experiments were carried out in to investigate whether acetylated histone 4 activity was altered in inflamed and non-inflamed tissue of a TNBS model of colitis.