INS and metabolic syndrome: In this study, maternal ingestion of hydrogenated vegetable fat rich in TFAs during gestation and lactation altered the blood lipid profiles, increased insulin serum levels accompanied by a decrease in Adipo R1 protein expression and increase in TRAF-6 protein expression in retroperitoneal adipose tissue, which could contributed for insulin resistance and the dyslipidemia observed in their 21-d-old offspring.