Thus, surface-linked liposomal antigens, capable of inducing long-lived memory CD8+ T cells without the contribution of CD4+ T cells, might be applicable for the development of vaccines to prevent viral infection, especially for those viruses that evade humoral immunity by varying their surface proteins, such as influenza viruses, HIV, HCV, SARS coronaviruses, and Ebola viruses. Here, CD4 is linked to viral infectious disease.