Our findings that the corresponding peptides inhibit HIV-1 infection of human monocyte-derived macrophages and T-lymphocytes at low nanomolar concentration suggest that these peptides and their analogs may be used to dissect gp120 interactions with different chemokine receptors and could serve as leads for design of new peptide based inhibitors of HIV-1 not restricted by viral tropism [48]. Here, ITIH4 is linked to HIV-1 infection.