In this laboratory's mouse model of CVB3 induced myocarditis, infection activates heart-specific, autoimmune CD8+ cytolytic T lymphocytes [12,100,104,105] which kill uninfected cardiocytes through recognition of cardiac myosin epitopes [14] and can adoptively transfer myocarditis into uninfected recipients [106]. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is myocarditis.