CD44 and breast carcinoma: Following up on the above observations on the TGFβ pathway, one of these studies, which performed SAGE profiling of CD44+/CD24−/low and CD44+/−/CD24+ cell populations from breast cancer tissue, found expression of TGFβ targets, such as VIMENTINE, CTGF, SERPINE1, SPARC, and TGFBR2, implying TGFβ pathways seemed to be activated in these cells.