IFNL3 and infection: In order to determine how other host immune pressures may affect HCV evolution, we assessed possible associations between HCV polymorphisms in this cohort and an SNP that tags the IL-28B gene encoding interferon-λ3 and recently has been associated with infection outcome.2 We found one significant association between homozygosity for the major allele of rs12979860 (associated with good outcome) and variation at position 849 in NS2 (P = 0.006).