In the first survivor (cardiac cause; ventricular fibrillation; no flow, 1 minute; low flow, 132 minutes; protein S100 level, 1.5 μg L-1), withdrawal from ECLS was possible only at day 36 because of severe, prolonged heart failure (left ventricular ejection volume estimated to be 30%), and an implantable automatic defibrillator was inserted. This evidence concerns the gene S100B and heart failure.