ESR2 and benign prostatic hyperplasia: For example, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH or prostate enlargement) that is manifested by nocturia (need to urinate frequently during the sleep-cycle), frequency of urination during the day or night, decreased voided urine volume, sensory urgency to urinate, inability to start and stop a urine stream, etc., where equol may mediate androgen hormone action of 5α-DHT and/or androgen steroid receptor inactivation is influenced by binding ERβ in a positive manner.