Not only LMNA, which has over 200 mapped mutations, but also emerin (EMD), the zinc protease (metallopeptidase) ZMPSTE24 (Face1), lamin B receptor (LBR), SUN2 (integral transmembrane INM protein that associates with Nesprin within the lumen of the NE), Nesprin, Torsin A, MAN1 (one of the three membrane proteins originally identified by human autoantibodies from a patient suffering from a collagen vascular disease) and many other LAPs may bear mutations. This evidence concerns the gene EMD and rheumatic disorder.