To show the potential application of this combined approach in predicting treatment response, we applied the different genomic modules, along with clinical variables (tumor size, HER2, ER, and histological grade), to 225 patients with breast cancer treated with a taxane and anthracycline containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen [37,53] (i.e. T/FAC). This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and breast cancer.