The therapeutic value of maintaining the mPTP in a closed state is highlighted by the resistance of CypD knockout mice (Ppif−/−) to a variety of diseases, including autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), sarcoglycan deficiency, laminin deficiency, collagen VI deficiency, ALS (SODG93A), cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) [8, 9]. Here, PPIF is linked to Alzheimer disease.