CCL3L3 and HIV-1 infection: For further studies, it seems to be crucial to define precisely the genomic structure, taking into account the specific combination of the distinct genes within a CNV region [40], and considering (1) mechanism of CCL3L1 against HIV-1 infection; (2) discrepancies of methods on measuring CCL3L1 gene copy number; (3) CCL3L1's effect on Asians; (4) HES individuals as controls.