INS and polycystic ovary syndrome: [16]–[17]. Alterations at the translational level have also been demonstrated, including down regulation of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, associated with impaired insulin-stimulated total, oxidative and nonoxidative glucose disposal in PCOS patients [18]. A recent microarray study by Skov et al.[19] demonstrated significant differential expression of several genes in the skeletal muscle of women with PCOS after treatment with pioglitazone.