Interestingly, PTEN is critical in restricting neural stem cell self-renewal and proliferation similar to p53 [119, 120], and the combined loss of p53 and PTEN promotes a synergistic increase in neural stem cell self-renewal associated with elevated levels of c-Myc and rapid growth of gliomas in vivo  [27, 121]. This evidence concerns the gene PTEN and central nervous system cancer.