Nooter et al (1998) reported significantly higher MRP expression, although not specific MRP2 expression, in ESCC tumours from non-responders to CDDP-based chemotherapy when comparing MRP levels in paired tumour samples before and after chemotherapy, suggesting that chemotherapy was selected for drug-resistant cell clones. Furthermore, other in vitro analyses by Noma et al (2008) established two CDDP-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines (SUIT-2-CD3 and SUIT-2-CD4) by continuously administering 10 nM CDDP for 3 and 4 months, respectively. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is familial pancreatic carcinoma.