INS and Insulin resistance: It is known that insulin mediates the metabolic-hemodynamic coupling by increasing the microvascular exchange surface perfused within skeletal muscle [16]: this may be relevant in conditions of insulin resistance where, at least in muscle, insulin not only is unable to induce a proper vasodilatation but also the up regulation of genes such hexokinase II, p85aPI3K, and SREBP-1c which are critical for intracellular insulin signaling and glucose transporter recruitment [17].