SOD1 and pyelonephritis: Polyethylene glycol-modified superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) and 2-O-octadecylascorbic acid (CV3611) significantly suppressed scarring when administered orally or parenterally during the early stage of kidney infection with MS-piliated bacteria, suggesting that the superoxide and other active oxygens play an important role in renal scarring following infection [22].