Preincubation of primary tupaia hepatocytes (used as a model for HBV infection [102]), with the myristoyl-tagged version of pre-S1 (aa 2-48) completely inhibited HBV infection at 10 nM, whereas more than 10 μM of the untagged version of pre-S1 are necessary for a complete infection inhibition. The gene discussed is PSMD1; the disease is infection.