PTEN and neoplasm: A few oncogenes (e.g. phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, activated AKT1) inhibit autophagy, while numerous tumor suppressors (e.g. BH3-only proteins, death-associated protein kinase-1, PTEN, tuberous sclerosic complex 1 and 2, TSC1 and TSC2 and LKB1/STK11) induce autophagy [32].