TNF and Hyperglycemia: Elevated circulating inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 are observed in patients with postprandial hyperglycemia.[1, 2] Activated innate immune system and chronic systemic inflammation are an early process in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.[3] A variety of stressors such as infection, tissue injury and food cause macrophages, adipocytes, endothelial cells, etc., to secrete inflammatory cytokines.[4] Cytokines are the small soluble peptides released by the cells of immune system to communicate and influence their function.