CX3CL1 and dementia: An elevated level of CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, and CXCR4 has been reported in microglial nodules.[18, 19] An over-expression of CX3C chemokine, fractalkine/CXC3CLI were reported in pediatric patients, while overexpression of fractalkine/CX3CLI have been reported in adult patients.[20, 21] Chemokine levels have been positively correlated with severity of dementia and viral load, which is an indicator of their significance in HIV- induced neuropathogenesis.