This interpretation is also supported by studies in LTBI with HIV co-infection, where advancing immunosuppression (and risk of active TB) are associated with declining MTB-specific IL-2 and dual IFN-γ/IL-2-secreting T cells [38], [39] while immune reconstitution is accompanied by increasing MTB-specific IL-2-secreting central-memory and dual IFN-γ/IL-2-secreting T cells but decreasing proportions of IFN-γ-only secreting T cells [9], [40], [41]. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is coinfection.