TGFB1 and infection: Our goals in these studies were: 1) to confirm the effects CM and TGF-β1 on HIV-1 trans by DC, and 2) to determine the effect of antibody blockade of DC-SIGN on trans infection of HIV-1 expressing either reference or transmitted/founder envs. For these experiments, DC were pulsed with HIV-1 reporter viruses (env-IMC-lucR) expressing the Renilla luciferase reporter gene, and then co-cultured with NOMI cells for 72 hr.