Cancer cells from other sites (e.g., melanoma, breast) have been shown to express TLR2, and TLR4 expression has been noted on tumour cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (Goto et al, 2008; Szczepanski et al, 2009; Xie et al, 2009). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.