The proportion of ALDH1 immunostained cells was significantly lower in malignant ovarian tumors (17.1 ± 7.6%; n = 5) compared to normal ovaries (37.4 ± 5.4%; p = 0.001; n = 5) and benign ovarian tumors (31.0 ± 6.7%; p = 0.015; n = 5) (Figure 2A). Here, ALDH1A1 is linked to ovarian cancer.