It is important to recognize that while we have demonstrated how this applies to tumor cell invasion (including migration signaling) by a prototypical heparin-binding chemokine (CCL21), the mechanisms may also apply collectively to other HS-binding chemokines (e.g., CXCL12, among others) that may function in redundant manners to drive lymphatic tumor cell traffic. Here, CXCL12 is linked to neoplasm.