Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL; also called APO-2L), a member of the TNF family, induces apoptosis preferentially in transformed or malignant cells, thus making it distinct from the death ligands TNFα and Fas, which, in addition to inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, cause an inflammatory response and liver damage, respectively, when administered systemically [12,13]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cancer.