Prorenin is bound to the (pro)renin receptor to activate the formation of angiotensin I from angiotensinogen, with approximately 4-fold greater angiotensin I-converting activity than renin itself (23), indicating that the resultant excessive formation of angiotensin II may be involved in the development of nephropathy and/or retinopathy in diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene ATP6AP2 and Nephropathy.