The deregulation of signal transduction pathways have been identified through examining gene expression data of renal tumors in several cases, including the deregulation of VHL, MYC, PI3K, E2F, and OXPHOS in clear cell, papillary, transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis, Wilms' tumor, and renal oncocytoma, respectively [51-54]. This evidence concerns the gene VHL and Wilms tumor.