While the spectrum of NSCLC patients that exhibit objective responses to gefitinib or erlotinib is disappointingly narrow [4], the positive activity on a defined subpopulation of NSCLC patients in which EGFR is a dominant oncogene is reason for optimism for continued development of novel targeted therapeutics to other oncogenes in lung cancer. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.