We have reported the cellular senescence of BECs with shortened telomeres, the expression of SA-β-gal, and the augmented expression of p16INK4a and p21WAF1/Cip in damaged small bile ducts in PBC (Figure 3) and suggested that cellular senescence may be involved in the pathogenesis of progressive bile duct loss in PBC [24, 27]. Here, CDKN2A is linked to primary biliary cholangitis.