BDNF and prostate carcinoma: For example, a) BDNF modulates neurogenesis after injury to the central nervous system (Ming and Song 2005); b) CSNK1D has been identified as up-regulated in breast cancer tissue (Abba et al. 2007); c) HMGA2 is oncogenic in many cells, including lung carcinoma cells, and is regulated by the tumor-suppressive miRNA let-7 (Lee and Dutta 2007); and d) PIM1 is found at increased levels within prostate cancer tissue (Dhanasekaran et al. 2001).