In UC samples, IL17A (P = 0.0002), IL21 (P = 0.0021), IL22 (P = 0.0003) and IL26 (P = 0.0017) were strongly induced, and IL17F (P = 0.046) was weakly induced, while in colonic CD samples, IL17A (P = 0.0084) and IL22 (P = 0.001) were strongly induced, and IL21 (P = 0.047), IL26 (P = 0.048) and IL17F (P = 0.011) were weakly induced (Figure 2B). This evidence concerns the gene IL17F and Cowden disease.