Two large phase-III trials of sorafenib in combination with carboplatin/paclitaxel in chemotherapy-naive (Flaherty et al, 2010a, 2010b) and pre-treated (Hauschild et al, 2009) patients with BRAF undefined metastatic melanoma did not meet the primary endpoint of improved overall survival. The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is metastatic melanoma.