Moreover, several pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), lipopolysaccharide, bradykinin (BK), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) can induce MMP-9 expression and activity in cultured rat astrocytes [7-10], indicating that the expression and activation of MMP-9 may be regulated during brain injuries and inflammation. The gene discussed is MMP9; the disease is brain injury.