ATF3 and malignant colon neoplasm: Recent publications have shown that the KRAS and BRAF mutation status of colon cancer cells influence the expression rates of multiple proliferative as well as apoptotic signaling intermediates (Kikuchi et al, Cancer Res 2009, Oliveira et al, Oncogene 2003, Seruca et al, 2009), including HIF1α signaling and the MAPK/Erk and PI3K/Akt pathways which we identified as interacting with ATF3 (Figure 2).