However, this functional link between ING2 and p53 is not a sole mechanism by which ING2 ensures normal spermatogenesis and male fertility, as indicated by the mitigated but still significant pathological changes in testes (Fig. 5C,D), the accumulation of abnormal spermatozoa (Fig. 5C) and infertility in p53−/−Ing2−/− males. Here, ING2 is linked to Infertility.