In line with previous work on a later stage of the infection (day 2 p.i.; [1], [18], [19]; own unpublished data), S.Tm* dramatically induced the expression of Il17a and Il17f as well as a large array of pro-inflammatory cytokines and innate defense molecules already by 12 h p.i. (Fig. 4B, grey bars; incl. The gene discussed is IL17F; the disease is infection.